Original Title: "Net Red" in Medical Materials Industry — — Titanium Alloy Biomedical materials refer to materials that interact with biological systems to diagnose, treat, repair or replace tissues and organs in the body or to enhance their functions. It can be divided into medical metal materials, medical polymer materials, medical ceramic materials and so on, among which medical metal materials account for a large proportion, especially orthopaedic products and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular products. [1] In particular, titanium alloys with high strength, low density, non-toxic, good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance have been used in the medical field, and become the preferred materials for artificial joints, bone trauma, spinal orthopaedic internal fixation systems, dental implants, artificial heart valves, interventional cardiovascular stents, surgical instruments and other medical products. Advantages of Medical Titanium Alloys [2] ① Biocompatibility: It has the smallest biological reaction with the human body, is non-toxic and non-magnetic, and has no toxic and side effects on the human body as a human implant. ② Mechanical properties: High strength and low elastic modulus, which not only meet the mechanical requirements, but also are similar to the elastic modulus of human natural bone, which can reduce the stress shielding effect and is more conducive to the growth and healing of human bone. ③ Corrosion resistance: The titanium alloy is a biologically inert material, which has good corrosion resistance in the physiological environment of the human body and does not pollute the physiological environment of the human body. ④ Light weight: Generally, the density of titanium alloy is only 57% of that of stainless steel, which greatly reduces the load of human body after implantation. Development History of Biomedical Titanium Alloy Biomedical titanium alloys have been widely used in the medical field because titanium is close to human bone, has good biocompatibility to human tissues, has no toxic side effects, and has incomparable advantages over other materials. Metallic materials, as biomedical functional materials, are an important branch of materials science, which have been used in human implants for more than 400 years. Biomedical titanium alloys have gone through three stages: pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, modified titanium alloy and low modulus β titanium alloy. 1950-1980: Pure titanium was first used in the biomedical field, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Ti6Al4V is widely used as a surgical repair or replacement material. 1980-1990: It was proved that V and Al were elements with toxic side effects on organisms, and the second generation of improved new medical titanium alloy with Nb and Fe instead of V was developed. 1990-present: In the early 1990s, the first beta titanium alloy Ti13Nb13Zr with better biocompatibility and lower elastic modulus was developed, which initiated the development and use of biomedical beta titanium alloys with excellent properties. [3-4] Medical applications of titanium and its alloys [5-7] In recent years, titanium and its alloys have been developing rapidly in the medical field, especially in orthopedics, ti6al4v , dentistry and various medical devices. 1. Human body orthopedic The elastic modulus of titanium alloy is closer to human skeleton than that of stainless steel, so titanium alloy elbow joint and ankle joint are widely used in human orthopedic surgery. Each year, about 100 million patients worldwide undergo replacement therapy due to inflammation of the arm and knee joints. Titanium knee caps are much lighter than stainless steel knee caps, and corrosion problems are improved. At present, titanium prostheses are gradually replacing steel prostheses. Expand the full text 2. Dentistry From the moment titanium alloy is implanted into the human body, a series of changes have taken place in the metal materials used for dental implants. Titanium has good affinity with human skeletal epithelial tissue and connective tissue, its mechanical properties can be comparable to other types of dental alloys, and its density is small, so the denture made of titanium denture is comfortable, not only that, through surface treatment, titanium denture can also meet the requirements of beautiful teeth. 3. Facial treatment When human facial tissue is severely damaged, local tissue repair needs to be carried out with surgical implants. Titanium alloy has good biocompatibility and required strength, and is an ideal material for human facial tissue repair. Pure titanium mesh has been used as bone bracket in bone reconstruction surgery. 4. Surgical instruments The titanium medical device has good corrosion resistance, and the surface quality is not affected after repeated cleaning and disinfection; and the titanium medical device is non-magnetic. ? Can eliminate the threat of damage to small and sensitive implanted devices; light weight, can be used to replace stainless steel, greatly reduce the weight, make doctors more flexible in the process of operation, and reduce the fatigue of doctors. Therefore, it has been used to make surgical blades, hemostatic forceps, scissors, electric bone drills, forceps and so on. The advantages of medical titanium and titanium alloy materials have been recognized by the medical community and accepted by more and more patients. Considering the factors of war, sports trauma and the improvement of people's living standards, the growth space of titanium and titanium alloy as human implants is very large, which is bound to become a new economic growth point in the development of titanium application. [8] References: [1]. Dai Shijuan Zhu Yuntian, Chen Feng. New Medical Development status and processing methods of β titanium alloy. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology ，2016,30（4）：28-34. [2].C. Rhines ,M. Pitters . Translated by Chen Zhenhua et al . Titanium and titanium alloy [M]. Beijing Chemical Industry Press, 2005. [3]. Public information -Wikipedia, Baidu Encyclopedia. [4]. Zhang Wenyu . Research Progress of Biomedical Titanium Alloy [J]. Chemistry and bonding ,2014,35（5）：369-373. [6] Cao Dao Ying Wu. Titanium metal and its applications [M]. Beijing Metallurgical Industry Press, 1989. [7] Wang Tao, Dai Pinqiang, Xiang Zhongnan, et al. Biomedical Superelasticity of Ti-Nb-Sn alloy. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering ,2008,26(6):940-945. [8]. Li Hongmei Thunder, Fang Shuming, Huang Guangming. Research Progress of Biomedical Titanium Alloy [J]. Metallic functional materials ,titanium bar gr5,2011,18（2）：70-73. Return to Sohu , see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com
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